Motor Cyclists Essay

Mental and social components impacting bike rider expectations and conduct Barry Watson Deborah Tunnicliff Katy White Cynthia Schonfeld Darren Wishart Center for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q) Queensland University of Technology August 2007 Psychological and social variables affecting bike rider goals and conduct I Published by: Postal location: Office area: Telephone: Facsimile: E-mail: Internet: Australian Transport Safety Bureau PO Box 967, Civic Square ACT 2608 15 Mort Street, Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory 1800 621 372; from abroad + 61 2 6274 6440 02 6274 3117; from abroad + 61 2 6274 3117 atsbinfo@atsb. gov. au www. atsb. gov. au  © CARRS-Q, Queensland University of Technology 2006 To energize the dispersal of this distribution, it might be duplicated, downloaded, showed, printed, recreated, and circulated in unaltered structure (holding this notification). Subject to the arrangements of the Copyright Act 1968, no other utilization of the material in this distribution might be made without the authorisation of the Queensland University of Technology. ii Psychological and social components affecting bike rider expectations and conduct DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL INFORMATION Report No. RSRG 2007-04 Publication date August 2007 No. of pages 152 ISBN 978 0 642 25564 8 ISSN Publication title Psychological and social variables impacting cruiser rider goals and conduct Author(s) Barry Watson, Deborah Tunnicliff, Katy White, Cynthia Schonfeld, Darren Wishart. Association that arranged this report Center for Accident Research and Road Safety Queensland University of Technology GPO Box 2434 Brisbane QLD 4001. Support [Available from] Australian Transport Safety Bureau PO Box 967, Civic Square ACT 2608 Australia www. atsb. gov. au Project Officer John Collis Reference No. Aug2007/DOTARS 50323. Dynamic This report records two investigations embraced to recognize and survey the mental and social elements impacting bike rider conduct. The essential point of the examination was to build up a Rider Risk Assessment Measure (RRAM), which would go about as a device for distinguishing high-hazard riders by surveying rider expectations and self-announced conduct. The primary investigation (n = 47) included a subjective investigation of rider recognitions using a center gathering strategy. This examination recognized six key parts of rider conduct considered to impact wellbeing: cruiser taking care of abilities; rider mindfulness; riding while disabled or not; and the propensity to twist street rules, push cutoff points, and ride at outrageous speeds or perform stunts. Study two (n = 229) was study based and analyzed the mental and social elements affecting these practices, using the hypothesis of arranged conduct (TPB) and other important mental develops, for example, sensation chasing and hostility. This investigation showed that hazardous rider goals were basically affected by perspectives and sensation chasing, while more secure aims were impacted by apparent conduct control. While goals essentially anticipated every one of the six sorts of conduct, sensation chasing and an inclination for animosity rose as noteworthy indicators, especially for the volitional hazard taking practices. The proportions of aim and conduct containing the RRAM were not seen as fundamentally connected with self-detailed accident association, conceivably showing weaknesses in the estimation of accidents. Notwithstanding, huge connections were found between the parts of the RRAM and self-announced traffic offense association. While further work is required to refine and approve the RRAM, it speaks to a potential instrument for advising and assessing bike rider security countermeasures. Watchwords Motorcycle security, hypothesis of arranged conduct, sensation chasing, hostility Notes (1) (2) ATSB reports are scattered in light of a legitimate concern for data trade. The perspectives communicated are those of the author(s) and don't really speak to those of the Australian Government or the ATSB. Mental and social variables impacting cruiser rider goals and conduct iii CONTENTS Executive synopsis Official SUMMARY Background Motorcycle riding is quickly expanding in fame in Australia, drawing in an a lot more extensive segment of individuals than in decades past. Shockingly, while the general number of street passings in Australia has by and large been decreasing, the extent of cruiser related fatalities has been ascending as of late. Further, the extent of bike related fatalities in Australia is inadmissibly high contrasted and other OECD nations. To diminish bike related fatalities on Australian streets, there is a dire need to think about motorcyclists as particular from other street clients. This program of research encourages the comprehension of security issues from a motorcyclist viewpoint and gives significant data on factors impacting sheltered and perilous rider goals and conduct. The points of this program of research were to: †¢ build up a superior comprehension of the mental and social impacts on rider conduct in an Australian setting; †¢ manage the improvement of future bike security countermeasures; and †¢ build up an instrument (the Rider Risk Assessment Measure †RRAM) to illuminate the assessment regarding bike wellbeing countermeasures, especially in the territory of preparing and instruction. To accomplish these points, two specific investigations were attempted: a subjective investigation of bike rider discernments using a center gathering system and an overview based quantitative investigation of selfreported rider aims and conduct. The two examinations were supported by a hypothetical structure drawing on the hypothesis of arranged conduct (TPB), personality hypothesis, social character hypothesis, and other significant mental ideas, for example, sensation chasing and hostility. Key discoveries Study 1 investigated motorcyclists’ recognitions identifying with ‘safe’ and ‘risky’ riding and the diverse individual and social factors that affected their conduct. An aggregate of 43 individuals took part in this examination, either as a component of a center gathering or as an interviewee. This exploratory procedure uncovered six kinds of practices which were usually accepted to impact the wellbeing (or hazard) of cruiser riding. These six practices are examined underneath. Two practices were recognized as being especially fundamental to rider wellbeing. The first was the need of having the option to deal with the cruiser capably and skilfully. The second identified with the requirement for riders to keep up an elevated level of focus while riding and to remain mindful of the changing street condition. Conversely, there was some discussion about the characteristic wellbeing or hazard of the two next practices regularly distinguished. Right off the bat, a few riders accepted that complying with the street rules was fundamental to their wellbeing, while others revealed that it was regularly important to defy the street guidelines so as to remain safe. Besides, the meaning of what comprised ‘riding while impaired’ varied among riders. Most riders concurred that ‘drinking and riding’ was hazardous. Nonetheless, for a few, even one mixed beverage before riding was viewed as risky, while others would ride in the wake of drinking gave they didn't believe themselves to be over the lawful BAC limit. A few riders expressed that riding when viii Psychological and social components impacting bike rider expectations and conduct they were drained was hazardous; notwithstanding, exhaustion was not viewed as a genuine wellbeing issue for some members. Two further practices distinguished by members were frequently connected with their records of crash inclusion, yet not seen as inherently ‘unsafe’ by most riders. The first of these was the idea of ‘pushing your limits’. Most riders talked with seemed to appreciate pushing the restrictions of their capacity on a cruiser. While concurring that driving the cutoff points excessively far was hazardous, pushing them to a point that tried a rider’s capacities was frequently answered to encourage security as this procedure built up a rider’s ability. The second conduct that was regularly referenced regarding crashes was extraordinary riding (e. g. , performing tricks and riding at extraordinary paces). The demonstration of culminating a trick was frequently answered to bring about the smashing of the cruiser, in spite of the fact that these accidents were generally acknowledged as a typical piece of the learning procedure. When culminated, performing stunts didn't give off an impression of being viewed as a naturally perilous conduct, except if acted in rush hour gridlock or other unusual circumstances. A sizable minority of both male and female members revealed riding at extraordinary rates. These riders regularly contended that they could ride amazingly quick, securely, on open streets gave certain conditions were met (e. g. great perceivability, insignificant traffic, climate, street, and bike upkeep). Study 2 included 229 dynamic motorcyclists who finished a poll surveying: their riding goals and self-announced conduct; the mental and social components affecting these expectations and conduct; and their self-revealed inclusion in street crashes and traffic offenses throughout the most recent two years. The poll was organized around the six sorts of rider conduct recognized as significant in Study 1. Key consequences of this investigation are talked about beneath. So as to acquire a knowledge into the components supporting both ‘safe’ and ‘risky’ conduct, the six territories of intrigue were operationalised as three ‘safer’ social aims (I. e. handle the bike skilfully, keep up 100% mindfulness, not ride debilitated) and three ‘riskier’ goals which spoke to increasingly volitional hazard taking (I. e. twist the street rules, push the cutoff points, perform tricks or ride at extraordinary rates). Hie

Influence on the dependent variables Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effect on the needy factors - Essay Example perplexing factors, they can impact the legitimacy of the exploration discoveries in this way the analyst needs to think of approaches to endeavor to control the incidental factors. Right off the bat, the researchers’ calls attention to a portion of the factors those are well on the way to have impact on the needy variable (Keele, 2015). This methodology depends on researcher’s presence of mind, understanding just as their straightforward rationale thinking. For example, it is clear that an uproarious, occupied room has a great deal of interruptions that bring down the degree of execution with regards to the opposite of a tranquil spot. For this situation, clamor is the superfluous variable, and it very well may be controlled from transforming into a jumbling variable. Different analysts hold the incidental variable steady by utilizing approaches that make a normalized encompassing and method. This methodology guarantees that all factors are the equivalent in each condition in this way they can't transform into puzzling factors. Different ways that researcher’ do use to endeavor to control the unessential factors in tests incorporate the irregular task approach and the control method of coordinating. Under the irregular task approach, the scientist begins with a specific gathering of members whereby these members get allocated to bunches arbitrarily (Wood and Kerr, 2014). This lone implies that the analyst attempts to keep away from the unessential factors for settling on the choice on how members get fit to various gatherings. Correspondingly, the control strategy of coordinating empowers the scientist on choosing the factors that the person needs to use in comparing the gatherings on subsequently maintaining a strategic distance from the superfluous factors from transforming into bewildering factors. To close, it is critical to control the incidental factors from transforming into perplexing factors when leading any examination. When the superfluous factors have been made sense of it is of much critical to play out a meta-examination to discover a method of modifying these

Energy Efficient House Essay - 2200 Words

Energy Efficient House (Essay Sample) Content: Energy Efficient HouseName:Institution:Date:IntroductionEfficient energy utilization is an important aspect of human life. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy can never be created nor destroyed. Thus, it is essential to utilize the energy available for us effectively and efficiently. Energy can be transformed from one form to another by use of appropriate transducers. When designing a house, it is essential to do it with the greatest regard to efficient energy use as well as safety to the environment. House designers should always come up with designs that promote efficient energy use. For instance, utilization of renewable energy should be maximized. On the other hand, a house should be designed in a way that it is habitable promoting good health, comfort, as well as, aesthetics. Since we have designed a house that produces its own energy, it is prudent to avoid losses as much as possible. Most domestic energy losses are thermal losses. When th ese are avoided then the energy produced in a house can be enough to run the house and the surplus can be distributed to the neighborhood. We have looked into a couple of principles in order to achieve an energy efficient house. These elements include well closed thermal envelope, regulated ventilation, energy conserving appliances, doors and windows and energy saving cooling and heating systems. These are key elements in the design of a highly energy efficient house CITATION Kel12 \l 1033 (Kelly, 2012).Thermal regulationThermal regulation is the key element in this design. In order to keep thermal conditions in the house habitable and energy-conservative, we have considered the following factors: insulation, roof and wall assemblies, caulking, weather-stripping, vapor and air retarders as well as position of windows CITATION Wil00 \l 1033 (Wilson Morril, 2000).InsulationEnergy-efficient houses are designed to have greater R-values of insulation than any other local house. R-Valu e refers to the capacity of a material to offer resistance to the transfer of heat. The larger the value, the higher the conservation of heat. The determination of the R-value that a house needs to be constructed with, will depend on the average temperatures that are experiences annually. For cold areas, the house should be designed with a high R-value whereas in hot places the house should be constructed with a low R-value. For instance, a normal house in New York will have a ceiling whose R-value insulation is 19 while the exterior walls have R-value 11. The foundation and floor may not necessarily be insulated. However, we have come up with a well- deigned energy-efficient house in the same locality. The house has a ceiling whose insulation lies within the range of R-50 to R-70 while the external walls have insulation ranging from R-20 to R-30. We are expecting to achieve this by filling the wall cavities with foam, wet-spray cellulose or rolls of fiberglass. The foundation wall s are also insulated similar to the walls in the living space. The heating appliances are placed at the basement so that there can always be convectional movement of air where hot air goes up to where people live replacing the cold dense air. Insulation compaction is ensured and gaps avoided as much as possible so that energy conservation can be encouraged CITATION Cut07 \l 1033 (Cutter information Corporation, 2007).Roof and wall assembliesOur house will have wood as door and window frames. It is also used in roofing assembly in an extensive way. This is because wood is a poor conductor of heat and therefore most of the heat produced needed to warm up the house will not be lost through conduction. In our wood use we have been very particular to use Structural Insulated panels. This design consists of oriented-strand board or plywood that has been laminated to form foam board. The foam board is seven inch thick and is used for insulation and framing. This reduces the chances of bui lders to make mistakes and conserving the house from unnecessary energy losses. In place of steel reinforcement, we have used two foam boards one outside the house and one inside the house. This does not only have the advantage of keeping the house warm but reinforces the house to be able to stand such strong winds like hurricanes and tornadoesCITATION USD05 \l 1033 (Energy, US Department of, 2005).WindowsHeat lost through the windows in a typical house is approximately 25%. Our window for our energy-efficient house will have a window area of about 6 to 8 percent of the total floor area, with most windows placed high and in the opposite direction of wind travel. This encourages the less dense warm air into the house and discourages the cold air. The south-facing roof is made to overhang over the window to prevent overheating of the house during summer. On the other hand, the east, west and north facing windows are designed with low Solar Heat Gain Coefficients unlike the south faci ng windows which are designed with high Solar Heat Gain Coefficients to ensure summer heat enters the house. The house contains doors and windows with energy star labels which are extremely efficient in energy conservation. We have used casement and awning styles for windows due to their ability to close tighter and prevent heat losses CITATION Car96 \l 1033 (Carmody, et al., 1996).Vapor and Air Retarders.Water vapor is a major risk to the house structure if it happens to condense inside the structures of a house. While water vapor has the effect to cause would to rot, it has the effect of drawing latent heat of vaporization from the house causing refrigeration effects in the house. This implies that a lot of energy is used to heat the house as much heat energy is drawn by the water vapor. Thus, our energy-efficient house is designed with air tight walls where calking materials and gaskets are installed. Moreover at the convergence point of seams where sill plate, foundation, sub f loor and floor joist header meet is a compact seal of gasket or calk material CITATION Lst93 \l 1033 (Lstiburek Carmody, 1993).VentilationAs much as emphasis on the energy-efficient house is on tight seals, the house needs to be ventilated only that in this case the ventilation has to be controlled. Well ventilated house prevents the risk of suffocation, air pollution, creates a comfortable environment, and reduces the risk of damage to the structure, as well as, controlling moisture-air infiltration into the house. To preserve most of the energy, the ventilations are fitted with heat recovery ventilators that help recover approximately 70% of the heat CITATION Sar05 \l 1033 (Sardinsky, 2005).Cooling and Heating SystemsOur house is designed to be air tight and allowing minimal thermal energy losses. Therefore the heating and cooling systems are simple and automated. Firstly, the house is fitted with sensors that determine the temperature of the house. Then these sensors are conne cted to a system of air conditioners consisting of heaters and coolers that have been programmed to operate under certain thermal conditions. They have been programmed to maintain the temperatures in the house to remain at room temperature approximately 298K. When the temperatures in the room fall below this level, the sensors detect and send this information to an installed micro controller that sets the heaters in function mode thus regulating the temperature. On the other hand, if the temperature rises above the room temperature, coolers are automatically switched on thus regulating the temperature to normal room temperature. This will not consume much of the energy since the house is well designed to prevent heat losses. It does not only save energy but also improves comfort in the house CITATION USA12 \l 1033 (USA Department of Energy, 2012).Efficient AppliancesIn order to conserve the energy, design alone is not enough. The inhabitants of the house should ensure that the equi pment used in that house are highly efficient. Appliances with high efficiencies, that is, close to one, draw the power they require to run with minimal energy losses. From time to time the appliances need to be checked for efficiency and servicing be made for the faulty ones and those whose efficiency has lowered. Another important aspect that we have included in our design is the power factor meter that helps determine whether the power drawn by the appliance is the actual power utilized. Power factor helps one know by what angle current lags voltage or vice versa and it is denoted by the term cosà . The power factor of any electrical circuit should be as close to one as possible to ensure efficient utilization of electrical power. In our house there are fans that have motors with inductive reactance that cause reactive power in the system. When this reactive power is much, it alters the power factor of the system causing current to lag behind voltage thus the fans draw a lot of current that is not utilized. This is corrected by use of capacitor appropriate capacitor banks. Thus, our house design contains a power factor meter and a capacitor bank in the electrical system CITATION Ele13 \l 1033 (Electrical4u, 2013).Environmental safetySince the house utilizes carbon based fuels, some harmful gases to the atmosphere might be released to the atmosphere if not well disposed. For instance, combustion of carbon in limited supply of oxygen produces poisonous carbon monoxide which is lethal. Thus, carbon monoxide should either be reduced to carbon or oxidized to carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is not released into the atmosphere due to its tendency to cause global warming. Thus the carbon dioxide is recycled in a hydrogen reactor at about 350oC fitted with nickel catalyst to produce methane gas that is used as fuel again. Whe...

Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis

Hypothesis testing involves the careful construction of two statements: the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses can look very similar but are actually different. How do we know which hypothesis is the null and which one is the alternative? We will see that there are a few ways to tell the difference. The Null Hypothesis The null hypothesis reflects that there will be no observed effect in our experiment. In a mathematical formulation of the null hypothesis, there will typically be an equal sign. This hypothesis is denoted by H0. The null hypothesis is what we attempt to find evidence against in our hypothesis test. We hope to obtain a small enough p-value that it is lower than our level of significance alpha and we are justified in rejecting the null hypothesis. If our p-value is greater than alpha, then we fail to reject the null hypothesis. If the null hypothesis is not rejected, then we must be careful to say what this means. The thinking on this is similar to a legal verdict. Just because a person has been declared not guilty, it does not mean that he is innocent. In the same way, just because we failed to reject a null hypothesis it does not mean that the statement is true. For example, we may want to investigate the claim that despite what convention has told us, the mean adult body temperature is not the accepted value of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. The null hypothesis for an experiment to investigate this is â€Å"The mean adult body temperature for healthy individuals is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.† If we fail to reject the null hypothesis, then our working hypothesis remains that the average adult who is healthy has a temperature of 98.6 degrees. We do not prove that this is true. If we are studying a new treatment, the null hypothesis is that our treatment will not change our subjects in any meaningful way. In other words, the treatment will not produce any effect in our subjects. The Alternative Hypothesis The alternative or experimental hypothesis reflects that there will be an observed effect for our experiment. In a mathematical formulation of the alternative hypothesis, there will typically be an inequality, or not equal to symbol. This hypothesis is denoted by either Ha or by H1. The alternative hypothesis is what we are attempting to demonstrate in an indirect way by the use of our hypothesis test. If the null hypothesis is rejected, then we accept the alternative hypothesis. If the null hypothesis is not rejected, then we do not accept the alternative hypothesis. Going back to the above example of mean human body temperature, the alternative hypothesis is â€Å"The average adult human body temperature is not 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.† If we are studying a new treatment, then the alternative hypothesis is that our treatment does, in fact, change our subjects in a meaningful and measurable way. Negation The following set of negations may help when you are forming your null and alternative hypotheses. Most technical papers rely on just the first formulation, even though you may see some of the others in a statistics textbook. Null hypothesis: â€Å"x is equal to y.† Alternative hypothesis â€Å"x is not equal to y.†Null hypothesis: â€Å"x is at least y.† Alternative hypothesis â€Å"x is less than y.†Null hypothesis: â€Å"x is at most y.† Alternative hypothesis â€Å"x is greater than y.†

Adhd An Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD is an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A common medication that is given to help ADHD is Adderall. Adderall is a stimulating drug that contains amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Shinn, Robyn). I believe that young children are often misdiagnosed with ADHD and they should not be given Adderall, or any other stimulant medication to help with ADHD; there are many other things to help treat a child with ADHD. Adderall is a common medication given to children and adults to help with the symptoms of ADHD. The FDA approved Adderall in 1960. Prescribed ADHD medications to children increased 45 percent from 2002 to 2010 (Lliades, Chris). Also only about seven percent of kids and teens have ADHD and three and a half million kids in†¦show more content†¦Secondly, another concern with taking Adderall is children developing psychotic symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and delay the growth and development in children (Lliades, Chris). Katherine Kidwell stated in the article, Stimulant Medications may Harm Sleep for Kids with ADHD, that â€Å"In addition to making ADHD symptoms worse, poor sleep leads to a host of other physical, cognitive, and emotional problems.† When children begin to develop â€Å"symptoms† of ADHD, parents begin to become frustrated and lose patients, so they think they need to go to the doctors and have their own child put on medication. It is very common that children are misdiagnosed with ADHD. Eighty-two percent of teachers and sixty-eight percent of undergraduates agreed that ADHD is over diagnosed. â€Å"According to many critics, such over diagnosis raises the specter of medicalizing largely normal behavior and relying to heavily on pills rather than skills, such as teaching children better ways of coping with stress† (Lilenfeld). That is not necessarily the case, in young children, it is common for them to have a short attention span, hyperactivity, or make decisions with out thinking of the consequences (Shinn, Robyn.) It is very common for children to have most of the symptoms of ADHD before the age of seven (Lilenfeld). Every young child will go Adhd An Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD Stimulant Drugs What is ADHD? ADHD is an Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Any child can be sometimes inattentive, hyperactive or impulsive (www.library.iated.org). However, children with ADHD repeat these symptoms every day that have an impact at home and school. Children’s behaviors seem inappropriate for their age. These symptoms are present for at least six months at home, school, or with friends and affect a social or academic functioning. Also, these symptoms appear before the age of 12 and not associate with other mental disorder. ADHD is a medical condition which can be treated. The treatment for ADHD is a combination of medication and psychological and behavioral therapies (â€Å"Understanding ADHD. n.d.).†¦show more content†¦Scientists who published a new study concluded that about 1.6 million teenagers and young adults had misused these stimulants during a 12-month period and that 75,000 showed signs of addiction (Vedantam, S. 2006, Feb 25). Many young people use these drugs to improve their academic and professional performance. When you need to study before exams, you take some stimulants to increase alertness and attention. People become addicted to them and some have toxic effects. If you get addicted while you are a student in school or college, it can lead to greater problems, you can be excluded from educational institutions. Young adults 18 to 25 years old are more often having stimulant misuse problems than teenagers. Both men and women are equal in drug misuse, but women are at greater risk of dependence, they have a lack of control, while men are at greater risk of abuse. Some stimulants, like coffee or tea, people use every day to stay awake. Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant in the world. Coffee, tea, chocolate, and energy drinks all contain caffeine. People drink drinks with caffeine to increase alertness but it does not work for a long time. They can be dangerous if not taken correctly and abuse d. Some stimulants are available only through a prescription, and others are illegal (www.study.com). The central nervous system is ‘stimulated’ by stimulants.

EMS In Olive Oil Industry for Systematic Planning-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEMS In Olive Oil Industry for Systematic Planning. Answer: Overview of EMS Environmental Management System(EMS) is defined as a process of managing an organization'senvironmentalprograms in a systematic and in planned way, which will in return provide a comprehensive outcome for the betterment of an organization. Thus the factors, which fall under the EMS are documentation, systematic planning, resources development, proper implementation of the resources and stringent maintenance of policy forenvironmentalprotection. EMS in Olive Production: (Summary Of the Two Papers) The olive oil industry is the fastest growing industry in the Australian agricultural sector. However, the operation of olivepomace and olive oil mills are directly related with the generation of densely polluted water with solid waste. Therefore, it is crucial to regulate the negative environmental impacts this particular sector and simultaneously improve its sustainability and business image. According to the Valta et al. (2015), there must remain a definitive approach in order to treat wastewater originating from the byproducts of oil production (3phase and 2 phase centrifuge) like pomace, olive leaves, damaged olives, burner ash and dust and sludge derived from the evaporation. The paper suggested by-product valorization and use of the sludge as fertilizer. According to Rinaldi et al. (2014), there must remain a energy efficient cooling process, prevention of the leakage of the coolant and use of glass bottles in packaging during the production of Extra Virgin Olive Oil. It will overall curb down the negative environmental impact of olive oil production. Reflective Overview of EMS on Olive Oil Industry Based on my knowledge gathered via reading several research papers on the EMA on Olive Oil industry, I believe, adopting an EMS may provide several tangible and intangible benefits in the Olive Oil industry. According to Valta et al. (2015), there scopes for improvement in wastewater treatment. The steps of improvement can be achieved via oil removal, neutralization, evaporation and sedimentation in open lagoons. Now these are all basic steps however, since wastewater cast an alarming threat in hampering the environments equilibrium, I believe some specific steps might also be undertaken alongside these basic steps. These specific steps include solid waste management, proper utilization of sludge produced from the evaporation ponds, valorization and proper pomace handling. Moreover, as per my believe, plastic is another disturbing element in pollution. Use of heavy weighted plastic bottles in olive oil packaging is creating a environmental mess due to the lack of proper plastic dispo sal. In order to curb this situation, I think olive oil manufacturing agencies must use lightweight glass bottles, which is bio-degradable (Rinaldi et al. 2014). Moreover, refinement of the production line up of the Extra Virgin Olive Oil is also mandatory. (Source: Rinaldi et al. 2014) However, further researches are yet to be carried out in this field in order to ascertain the economic feasibility and acceptability of the practices mentioned above. Furthermore, Australia being a principal exporter of olive oil, the adoption of an internationally acclaimed system such as ISO 14001 can be implemented as a tool to gain leniency in the overall international trade. The benefits obtained from such procedures can later be used to gain the support while implementing EMS in olive oil industry. References: Cecere, G., Corrocher, N., Gossart, C. and Ozman, M., 2014. Lock-in and path dependence: an evolutionary approach to eco-innovations.Journal of Evolutionary Economics,24(5), pp.1037-1065. Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. eds., 2015.Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation. Routledge. Rinaldi, S., Barbanera, M. and Lascaro, E., 2014. Assessment of carbon footprint and energy performance of the extra virgin olive oil chain in Umbria, Italy.Science of The Total Environment,482, pp.71-79. Valta, K., Aggeli, E., Papadaskalopoulou, C., Panaretou, V., Sotiropoulos, A., Malamis, D., Moustakas, K. and Haralambous, K.J., 2015. Adding value to olive oil production through waste and wastewater treatment and valorisation: the case of Greece.Waste and Biomass Valorization,6(5), pp.913-925.

The greatest inventions free essay sample

There are many different possible world’s greatest inventions because they have all helped out humankind in some way, some more than others. I think that the greatest invention of all time is Harnessed Electricity. Some may argue that this was not an invention it was a discovery but although electricity itself was a discovery there was still the invention of had to use it and what it could be used for. I think that electricity is very important to human life because it would be nearly impossible to do anything we do today. We all know that Thomas Alva Edison was the discover of the electricity who was born in 1847. Thomas Edison only had 3 months of formal education, and his schoolmaster thought that Edison may have been retarded. And no one not even his family could envision that Edison would become the inventor that he would eventually end up to be. We will write a custom essay sample on The greatest inventions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Born in Milan, Ohio, youngest of 7 children, Edison would often ask questions that his father and mother both could not answer. At 21 Edison made his commercial debut as an inventor with an electric vote-recorder. It did not sell so thereafter he decided to concentrate his efforts on inventions that he was sure would be in universal demand. Then in 1869 Edison arrived in Boston, he persuaded a broker to let him sleep in his office. Then when the broker’s stock ticker broke Edison was able to repair it where many others had failed. Amazed the manager quickly made Edison one of his superiors. Soon, Edison had enough money to open his own workshop known as Menlo Park, it was here that some of his most important inventions were created. Of these were Modernized type writer, a practical telephone, the first working model phonograph, an incandescent light. Eventually Edison would also design the first power station, providing electricity for millions of homes. His last contribution a synthetic rubber made from goldenrod plants. Edison patented an incredible 1093 intentions. Edison was also growing deaf due to experiments as a child, though he did not mind allowing him to concentrate more on this work. Edison died at age 84,in 1931. And I really admired the guy who was the ultimate inventor of the dynamite was named Alfred Nobel born on October 21st 1833 in Stockholm. He studied their until1842 when his family moved to St. Petersburg in Russia. Before dynamite, miners had to use nitrogen to blow holes in rock and other things. However it is too volatile and can explode incredibly easily. Alfred changed all this. He gained interest in explosive nitroglycerin. And studied until he founded the first ever nitroglycerin factory in the world, but found it was too volatile to work with, and too many miners were dying using it. He began experimenting on how to control the substance. He wanted something that could absorb the nitroglycerin and not still have the same power. He Found that a substance called (Kieselguhr). This way the explosive could be transported easily and detonated from a safe distance. It saved laves and time. He would name it Dynamite and got a patent for it in 1867. By his death in 1896 he had established companies in some ninety locations in twenty countries and earned over SEK 31. 5 million. It is sure that Alfred Nobel contributed a great deal to chemistry and the world and has a large diversity of achievements. Many people will benefit from the Nobel prizes including such people as Mother Theresa and Ernest Rutherford. It is a good deed and will keep the human race alive just a little longer if people are this smart. These people are the world’s greatest inventors being unforgettable in our heart. Conclusively, many inventions or discoveries have been made to make the world better. Among all these, dynamite, computers, and most importantly, the invention of electricity are three most important inventions and discoveries that made the modern world we live in a better place.

Treaty of Paris 1898

Treaty of Paris 1898 The Treaty of Paris (1898) was the peace treaty signed on December 10, 1898 by Spain and the United States that ended the Spanish-American War. The terms of the treaty also ended the age of Spanish imperialism and established the United States as a world power. Key Takeaways: The Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1898, was a peace agreement between Spain and the United States that ended the Spanish-American War.Under the treaty, Cuba gained independence from Spain, and the United States gained possession of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.Marking the end of Spanish imperialism, the treaty established the United States’ position as a world power. The Spanish-American War The 1898 war between the United States and Spain came after three years of fighting by Cuban rebels to win independence from Spain. Happening so close to the coast of Florida, the conflict in Cuba transfixed Americans. Concerns for U.S. economic interests in the region, along with the American public’s outrage over the brutal tactics of the Spanish military spurred public sympathy for the Cuban revolutionaries. With tensions between the U.S. and Spain growing, the explosion of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898 brought the two nations to the brink of war.   On April 20, 1898, the United States Congress passed a joint resolution acknowledging Cuban independence, demanding that Spain abandon its control of the island, and authorizing President William McKinley to use military force. When Spain ignored the U.S. ultimatum, McKinley implemented a naval blockade of Cuba and called for 125,000 U.S. military volunteers. Spain declared war on the United States on April 24, and the U.S. Congress voted to declare war against Spain the next day.   The first battle of the Spanish-American War was fought on May 1, 1898 in Manila Bay, where U.S. naval forces defeated the Spanish armada defending the Philippines. Between June 10 and June 24, U.S. troops invaded Cuba at Guantanamo Bay and Santiago de Cuba. With the Spanish Army in Cuba defeated, the U.S. Navy destroyed the Spanish Caribbean armada on July 3. On July 26, the Spanish government asked the McKinley administration to discuss terms of peace. On August 12, a cease-fire was declared with the understanding that a peace treaty must be negotiated in Paris by October. Negotiations in Paris   Peace negotiations between representatives of the United States and Spain began in Paris on October 1, 1898. The American contingent demanded that Spain acknowledge and guarantee the independence of Cuba and transfer possession of the Philippines to the United States. In addition, the U.S. demanded that Spain pay Cuba’s estimated $400 million national debt. After agreeing to Cuban independence, Spain reluctantly agreed to sell the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million. Spain also agreed to pay back the $400 million Cuban debt by transferring possession of Puerto Rico and the Mariana island of Guam to the United States. Spain demanded that it be allowed to retain possession of the Philippines capital city of Manila- which had been captured by U.S. forces hours after the August 12 cease-fire had been declared. The United States refused to consider the demand. Representatives of Spain and the U.S. signed the treaty on December 10, 1898, leaving it up to the two nation’s governments to ratify it.   Pages 8 and 9 out of 19 pages comprising the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish-American War. Spain relinquished Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States in exchange of payment of $20,000,000. Spain also agreed to assume the $400,000,000 Cuban debt.   Corbis Historical / Getty Images While Spain signed the agreement days later, ratification was strongly opposed in the U.S. Senate by senators who viewed it as instituting an unconstitutional policy of American â€Å"imperialism† in the Philippines. After weeks of debate, the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899 by a single vote. The Treaty of Paris took effect on April 11, 1899, when the U.S. and Spain exchanged documents of ratification.  Ã‚   Significance While the Spanish-American War had been short in duration and relatively inexpensive in terms of dollars and lives, the resulting Treaty of Paris had a lasting impact on both Spain and the United States.   While it suffered initially from the terms of the treaty, Spain eventually benefited from being forced to abandon its imperialistic aspirations in favor of focusing on its many long-ignored internal needs. Indeed the war resulted in a modern Spanish renaissance in both its material and social interests. The post-war period in Spain saw rapid advances in agriculture, industry, and transportation over the following two decades.   As Spanish historian Salvador de Madariaga wrote in his 1958 book Spain: A Modern History, â€Å"Spain felt then that the era of overseas adventures had gone, and that henceforth her future was at home. Her eyes, which for centuries had wandered to the ends of the world, were at last turned on her own home estate.†Ã‚   The United States- whether intentionally or not- emerged from the Paris peace talks as the world’s newest superpower, with strategic territorial possessions stretching from the Caribbean to the Pacific. Economically, the United States profited from the new trade markets it gained in the Pacific, Caribbean, and the Far East. In 1893, the McKinley administration used the terms of the Treaty of Paris as partial justification for annexing the then-independent Hawaiian Islands. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898.† Yale Law School.â€Å"The Spanish–American War: The United States Becomes a World Power.† Library of Congress.McKinley, William. â€Å"The Acquisition of the Philippines.† U.S. Department of State.de Madariaga, Salvador (1958). â€Å"Spain: A Modern History.† Praeger. ISBN: 0758162367

Strategic Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Outsourcing - Essay Example And this is still true today, the two main reasons for outsourcing attested to by a number of scholars   are 1. Improve Company focus, 2. Reduce and control operating costs (Mylot, 1995; Field, 1998; Greaver, 1999; Barthelemy, .2001). However, in recent times, organizations have become increasingly dissatisfied with their outsourcing contracts. An article from the MIT Sloan Management Review (1998) states that a survey by Cap Gemini Ernst & Young found that only 54% of companies are satisfied with their outsourcing, down from more than 80% a decade ago. The landscape of outsourcing has also changed dramatically in the last year with the increased popularity of SOA and raises questions such as 1. How will software vendors react to service-oriented architecture, real-time infrastructure and fusion? 2. How will enterprises achieve value on their investments in software? Similarly how the ESP are going to address to the questions such as 1. Transform their business models from highly c ustom one-to-one services to a one-to-many or many-to-many service model? 2. Effectively partner with ESP’s that are moving or have moved to a leveraged service model.Interestingly enough Gartner predicts that â€Å"by 2007, driven in part by SOA-based Web services, 18 percent of all IT professional services will be deployed in a multi enterprise, shared service environment. Enterprise application vendors are the likely beneficiaries of the SOA bounty when it comes to outsourcing. Vendors such as Oracle and PeopleSoft have grown.

The Evolution of Cloud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Evolution of Cloud - Assignment Example Cloud computing allows a user to access his data or even run computer software from a remote data center via the internet. However, the data being accessed or the software being run needs to be present or stored in a cloud, rather than on a personal computer hard drive or a company’s server. This form of computer architecture has allowed many small and medium companies to grow. This has been done by enabling employees to access important corporate data while on the move. This has come as an alternative to costly network infrastructure, which demanded huge capital outlay from small and medium enterprises. It is interesting to know that this technological innovation has emerged from the existing technology landscape. A demonstration of this technological innovation is the Hotmail account which uses technology delivered by cloud computing. It provides users with data that is not stored on a personal computer. Experts believe this form of computing to unleash the next great paradigm shift of personal computing. This paradigm shift will transform the traditional model of computing and open up new opportunities for businesses, consumers, the environment and economic growth. There are numerous benefits of cloud computing, for instance, those countries which are spending exceedingly on information and communications technology; they can use this technology to reduce approximately 20-50 percent of their current cost. By means of this form of computing, users can access their data or run software from virtually anywhere. However, they do need an internet connection to make this possible. Cloud computing enables users to run their own applications while using their internet service provider’s servers, operating systems, and storage facility. Experts believe that cloud computing has the potential to create up to 240,000 jobs in the short term.

Wk10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wk10 - Essay Example This research essay is an accountof educational technology use -- internet, presentation, and podcast technology -- within this organization, assesses its efficacy, and considers its shortcomings, One of the most pervading uses of educational technology in my institution is the use of the internet. Every teacher has a computer connected to the internet in their classroom and is required to check their school email daily for administrative announcements and parent, staff, or student emails. A number of teachers have begun implementing the internet in regards to lectures as well. While the school internet connection excludes use of YouTube videos, by submitting a request to the administration it is possible to get temporary access to specific video links. These videos have been incorporated into the broad spectrum of lesson planning, from as diverse subjects as home-economics cooking videos, to the watching of sports techniques in the physical education courses. I have witnessed YouTube videos employed as means of demonstrating historical events – Nixon/Kennedy Presidential debates, State of the Union addresses – as well as in analysis of music videos, or advertis ements. Chris O’Neal (http://www.edutopia.org/digital-generation-youtube-teaching-video) demonstrates that one need only do a brief user search to discover countless health education field videos on nutrition, exercise, or disease, all of them replete with upbeat music and editing that is able to maintain students’ attention spans where out-dated VHS or DVD public service presentations are not able or are not willing. YouTube has even been used in professional development at the institution. At departmental meeting a group of teachers presented on more effective means of constructing ‘word walls’ – these are walls of relevant terminology that go up in all the classroom. They opened their presentation with an attention grabbing video, and then proceeded

The Irish Easter Rebellion 1916 Essay -- essays research papers fc

The 1916 Irish Easter Uprising Ever since the occupation of Ireland by the English began in 1169, Irish patriots have fought back against British rule, and the many Irish rebellions and civil wars had always been defeated. To quash further rebellion, the Act of Union was imposed in 1800, tying Ireland to the United Kingdom of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Laws discriminating against Catholics and the handling of the Irish Potato Famine of 1845-50 led to increased tension and the proposal of introducing Home Rule gained support. In 1913 there was a general strike of workers in Dublin led by James Connolly of the Irish Transport and General Workers Union (I.T.G.W.U.). This action was followed by the 1913 Lock-Out during which employers literally locked workers out of their factories. Also in 1913 John Redmond, leader of the Irish Nationalist Party, created the Irish Volunteers to counter the Ulster Volunteers, an organisation created to fight against Home Rule. His chief-of-staff was Eoin MacNeill and his commandant was Patrick Pearse. When World War I began, Irish nationalists flocked to sign up for Britain’s war effort in the hundreds of thousands. They believed they were at last making Ireland one of the small nations of Europe, and that in showing their good faith in Britain they were ensuring Home Rule be passed. However, another more extreme tradition of patriotism considered Home Rule a sell-out. Thomas J. Clarke, who had been previously gaoled after being sent to England on a dynamiting mission in 1883, immigrated to America and then returned to Ireland in 1907. In his tobacconist’s shop in Dublin the Irish Republican Brotherhood (I.R.B.), a group of patriots who wanted national independence, was being revived. He held a meeting with, among others, Patrick Pearse, Eoin MacNeill and Sean MacDermott, who had broken away with a minority of extremist Volunteers when Redmond co-operated with the war effort, and Connolly who was now the creator and commander of the Irish Citizen Army, a workerâ€⠄¢s fighting force designed to defend against police brutality. There they made the decision to rise in arms against British rule. Together they created front organisations for propaganda purposes, such as the Neutrality League and the Wolfe Tone Memorial Committee. The latter organised the funeral of Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa, a supporter of the republican ... ...n the Web, Dublin, Ireland. Available from: [24/4/05] Anon. (1994). Irish History: 1916 Easter Rebellion [Internet]. Document created by Irish Northern Aid Inc., New York, USA. Available from: [15/2/05] Berry, Ben. (2002). Easter 1916, [Internet]. Document reproduced by University of Maryland Honours Program, Maryland, USA. Available from: [18/4/05] Fitzgibbon, Constantine. 1916: The Rising, Britain. Article reproduced by Irish Jokes: An Alternative Website (2004) [Internet]. Available from: [12/2/04] Grant, Ted. (1966). Connolly and the 1916 Easter Uprising [Internet]. Document created by In Defence of Marxism Website, Australia. Available from: [19/4/05] Journal Articles Anon. (2004). ‘Working-Class Hero: James Connolly’, Forward! Magazine of the Connolly Youth Movement, Spring 2004. Article reproduced by The Communist Party of Ireland (2004) [Internet]. Available from: [18/4/05] Mackin, James A. (1997). ‘Sacrifice and Moral Hierarchy: The Rhetoric of Irish Republicans, 1916-23’, The American Communications Journal, Volume 1, Issue 3, September 1997. Article reproduced by The American Communications Journal, North Carolina, USA [Internet]. Available from: [18/3/05]

The Age of Empire: American Imperialism at the Close of the 19th Century

Imperialism is a process by which countries attempt to extend their power into new spheres by leveraging their military, economic, cultural, and political power over another land. The roots of imperialism have differed through the ages. Some countries have sought imperialism by conquest, pillaging and plundering another land for pure exploitative economic gain. Other countries have conducted imperialism by colonization, slowly infiltrating and eventually assuming control of another land over time by force.For much of European history after the renaissance, the European continent entered an â€Å"Age of Imperialism† that saw British, French, Spanish, Portugese, Dutch, and German expansion across the far reaches of the globe. America, however, was a late addition to the scramble for imperialist expansion. Not until the late 19th century did the fledgling North American power attempt to move beyond its borders in pursuit of bolstering the national interest.Over the course of seve ral decades, however, America removed the shackles of isolationism and became an aggressive expansionist power primarily in Latin America and the Philippines. While this policy was not uniformly popular, it is important to understand because it drastically influenced and shaped American foreign policy for the 20th century. During the late 1800’s, America engaged in overseas expansion in three main areas: Spanish-America, the Philippines, and several Pacific islands. These campaigns were ideologically motivated by the philosophical underpinnings of the Monroe Doctrine.This foreign policy standard, developed by President James Monroe in 1823, stated that the Western Hemisphere was distinctly the domain of the United States and that American â€Å"exceptionalism† would allow the United States to exclusively deal with affairs of the Western Hemisphere (Oklahoma College of Law, The Monroe Doctrine). This principle was the foundation of a series of events that eventually pro mpted the United States to invade foreign sovereign nations. Racist thought also perpetuated public support for these imperialist invasions.The so-called White Man’s Burden, which had justified so much inhumanity by European powers was also raised by proponents of American expansionism. This theory held that because White men were â€Å"civilized† in contrast to their colored counterparts, it was the ethical duty of Europeans and European descendants to forcibly civilize the â€Å"uneducated† and â€Å"inferior† races of the world. Coupled with the Monroe Doctrine, politicians combined with sensational journalists (often referred to as â€Å"yellow journalists†) to drum up support for American excursions abroad (American Library of Congress).The first major front in the eventual military expansionism that ensued was in Cuba and other parts of Spanish America. This campaign, known as the Spanish-American War, was Cuba. Here, Americans sympathetic to the plight of the Cubans, legitimized a show of force with the U. S. S. Maine, which was eventually sunk near Havana, prompting an outcry for war. The war in Cuba raged on in the aftermath of that incident, with Congress issuing a declaration of war. Unlike Cuba, which was more of a conflict between two â€Å"White† powers, American imperialism in the Philippines developed into a far more systematic form of colonialism.American became an occupying power that asserted its dominance and applied its customs and language on the native population. Indeed, during the course of the war, American brutality was substantial, with an estimated 200,000 Filipinos dying from the conflict, largely in the festering disease-ridden concentration camps. Additionally, many Americans were reported to have carried out war crimes against the local population—shameful acts that were exposed and documented by the Lodge Committee report (Miller, 184).Similarly, America extended its reachâ€⠀with many negative results—in Guam, Samoa, Hawaii, and other Pacific islands. These particular conquests mark the height of American imperialist expansion at the close of the 19th century. Even though the Monroe Doctrine and the White Man’s Burden theories garnered sufficient support from the public to carry out the imperialist campaigns popularly, dissent against the newfound expansionism did exist. The major opponent of imperialist policies in America was the Anti-Imperialist League.This organization, which prided itself on its founding ideals of liberty and equality for all persons, regardless of race or geographic location, sought to end American imperialist expansionism. As they argued, America’s militarism against the defenseless indigenous populations was nothing more than â€Å"criminal aggression† (Modern History Sourcebook). The League had a substantial impact on the national debate over imperialism, as it had cultural superstars like Mark Twa in on its side.Nonetheless, however, even as the League successfully highlighted some of the bankrupt practices of American expansionism, the campaigns were nonetheless carried out. The impact of American imperialism during the late 1890s reverberates still today. The Monroe Doctrine has now been replaced by a series of new foreign policy strategies, including the most recent addition of the Bush doctrine, which authorizes preemptive attacks anywhere in the world to ensure American security. Our occupation of Iraq currently has its roots and its legacy embedded in the deployment of troops under President McKinley.This fact highlights why early American imperialism is so important to understanding our current foreign policy; it is a continuum rather than a series of isolated events. And now, just like then, anti-imperialist groups are being heard throughout the country. Only time will tell how effectively they will be at steering our government from continuing the imperialist legacy started at the close of the 19th century. Works Cited: Miller, Stuart C. â€Å"Benevolent Assimilation†: the American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899- 1903. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.340 p Modern History Sourcebook. â€Å"American Anti-Imperialist League, 1898. † Available online from: http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/mod/1899antiimp. html. Accessed 17 January 2009. â€Å"The Monroe Doctrine. † University of Oklahoma College of Law. Historical Documents. Available online at: http://www. law. ou. edu/ushistory/monrodoc. shtml. Accessed 17 January 2009. â€Å"The World of 1898: The Spanish American War. † The Library of Congress, Hispanic Division. Available online from: http://www. loc. gov/rr/hispanic/1898. Accessed 18 January 2009.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1952 Words

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Charles L. Lawton General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my listeners about the truth about PTSD INTRODUCTION I. Attention getter It is common knowledge that, it is normal for humans to feel terror and to also be cautious in a perilous period or event. This normal social response is known as â€Å"fight-or-flight† response, it is a healthy reaction a person has that protects them from harm. When a person has Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, this typically healthy response is altered or impaired. People who experience this mental sickness feel they are continuously in peril, even when the endangerment is no longer existent. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety condition people get after they witness or have a tragic or dangerous event happen to them (VA/DoD, 2005). II. Motivation General, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a very severe and destructive mental disorder. If left untouched this mental disorder can lead to distressing effects on a person’s life. It is always very hard when someone has to go through a trying time or event, and justifiably problems arise from these events. The positive aspect to this mental disorder is that there are great resources available to patients, and there is a light at the end of this mental disorder’s tunnel. Someone can fully recover from this mental disorder and go on to function with stability in everyday life, consisting of a healthy future. It is my hopes as someoneShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. 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We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. 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